Detached Eddy Simulations have been performed to study the complex physics of boundary layer transition triggered by isolated roughness elements in hypersonic flows. Both frozen and reacting flow solutions have been obtained for a hemisphere with a disk-like surface roughness element in a ballistic range at Mach 12 in air. The results show a significant effect of non-equilibrium thermo-chemistry on high-enthalpy roughness-induced transition. The effect of Reynolds numbers on the Space Shuttle trip transition in a Mach 10 wind tunnel has also been studied.
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