Position location in three-dimensional (3-D) scenarios is studied in bearing-only location system. Through mathematical calculation in 2-D scenarios, the relationship between location accuracy and observation geometry is discussed, and the optimal location geometry relationship and the lowest GDOP in the whole observation region are presented. Finally, the relationship between GDOP and the bearing measurements of passive sensors is shown in the simulation results. GDOP distribute figures under various observation geometry condition are plotted. Some conclusions can be used for reference in designing passive location constellations and collocating passive sensors to improve location accuracy.
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