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Ensuring Effective Stimulation Treatments in Difficult Completions

机译:确保完成困难的有效刺激治疗

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Achieving effective stimulation across zones not readilyaccessible is a common challenge in the oilfield. Severalauthors1-3 have presented case histories in which horizontalwells completed with slotted liner, gravel pack, internal gravelpack, or plain sand screens were difficult to stimulate becausethere was no easy way to effectively remove drilling fluidfilter cake from the wellbore walls. Similar inaccessibility isencountered when dealing with straddled completions, whereout of necessity, the producing zone is placed behind straddlepackers that are extremely challenging to reach. Anotheraccessibility problem is encountered when a “fish” becomescaught up across the perforated interval and accessibility isagain denied.Should such wells produce trouble-free and meetexpectations, there is not much to ponder; but if not, theoptions for executing an enhanced stimulation treatment havebeen limited. Generally, treatment has consisted of pumpingand squeezing away the treatment into the perforations andhoping for the best. The preferred technique is to improve theinjectivity into the perforations by “spotting” reactive fluids atthe perforations or using some type of mechanical action suchas “perforation jetting” to break up blockages in theperforation tunnels. This is only possible when perforations orpays are accessible through the wellbore.These problems become more complicated if the zones ofinterest are sandstone reservoirs. A study4 in the late 1990srevealed a success ratio in the 30–40% range when treatingsuch formations.This paper primarily deals with a case history in which asandstone reservoir, not previously matrix-acidized, wasproducing at sub-par rates, eventually declining to a negligibleproduction status. The zones were completed between straddlepackers and were only accessible through a sliding side door(SSD), 100 ft above the perforations.The prudent decision was to stimulate, but make all effortsto maximize the chances of success. Apart from applying thebest practices in sandstone acidizing technology, a true fluidicoscillator (TFO) was included as a stimulation tool. This toolprovides a continuous pressure pulse in the fluid system thatallows solids buildup within the perforations to fatigue andbreak up while the acid system works on the rock matrix.The results from the treatment of this well wereexceptional and will be detailed in this paper. The productionimprovement was 10-fold over its prestimulation performance.
机译:不易实现跨区域的有效刺激 交通便利是油田的一个常见挑战。一些 authors1-3提出了案例研究,其中水平 带有开槽衬管,砾石充填,内部砾石的油井 包或普通的沙屏很难刺激,因为 没有简单的方法可以有效地去除钻井液 井眼壁上的滤饼。类似的不可访问性是 处理跨接完井时遇到的问题,其中 出于必要,生产区被置于跨骑后面 包装工极具挑战性。其他 当“鱼”变成“可访问性”时遇到问题 在穿孔的时间间隔内被捕获,并且可访问性是 再次否认。 这样的井是否应无故障并满足要求 期望,没有太多需要思考的东西;但是如果没有, 执行增强刺激治疗的选项有 被限制。通常,治疗包括抽血 并把治疗挤进穿孔和 希望最好的。首选技术是改善 通过“注入”反应流体到射孔处注入射孔 穿孔或使用某种类型的机械动作,例如 作为“射孔喷射”,以消除 射孔隧道。仅当穿孔或 可以通过井眼获得工资。 如果这些区域的范围变大,这些问题将变得更加复杂。 感兴趣的是砂岩储层。 1990年代后期的一项研究4 揭示治疗时成功率在30%到40%之间 这样的编队。 本文主要涉及一个案例历史,其中 之前未进行基质酸化的砂岩储层是 以低于平均水平的价格生产,最终下降到可以忽略的水平 生产状况。跨区之间的区域已完成 封隔器,只能通过滑动侧门进入 (SSD),位于穿孔上方100英尺。谨慎的决定是刺激,但要全力以赴 最大化成功的机会。除了应用 砂岩酸化技术的最佳实践,真正的流体 振荡器(TFO)被包括在内作为刺激工具。这个工具 在流体系统中提供连续的压力脉冲 允许固体在孔眼中堆积,从而疲劳和 在酸体系作用于岩石基质时分解。 该井的处理结果是 例外,将在本文中详细介绍。生产 改进是其预刺激性能的10倍。

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