The purpose of the research described in this paper is to generalize the Richards and Elms (1979) procedure for prediction of seismically induced permanent displacement of retaining walls for the case of mixed sliding and rotation modes. A simplified mathematical model and modified computational method based on the work of Siddharthan et al (1992) is presented. In the model presented in this paper seismic reduction of bearing capacity is included in the Siddharthan approach; and the P-Δ effect, and corresponding magnification of displacements is also considered in the analysis. Initially, the model is applied to a simple problem to demonstrate the concepts and application. Finally, as a check on the validity of the analysis, retaining walls located in Kobe, Japan are investigated using an available time history of acceleration record from the Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake as input. The results from the calculation are in good agreement with the observed behavior of the Kobe walls.
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机译：本文所述研究的目的是推广Richards and Elms（1979）程序，用于预测在混合滑动和旋转模式下地震引起的挡土墙永久位移。提出了基于Siddharthan等人（1992）的工作的简化数学模型和改进的计算方法。在本文提出的模型中，Siddharthan方法包括抗震承载力的降低。分析中还考虑了P-Δ效应以及相应的位移放大倍数。最初，将模型应用于一个简单的问题，以演示概念和应用。最后，作为对分析有效性的检验，使用了来自兵库县-南武地震的加速度记录的可用时间历史作为输入，对位于日本神户的挡土墙进行了调查。计算结果与观察到的神户墙的行为非常吻合。
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