Design and construction of the marcapomaccoha III water supply project in the high andes, peru

摘要

In the high Andes of Peru, two tunnels are being constructed totaling nine kilometers in length at an elevation of over 4,500 meters. The tunnels convey freezing and crystal-clear waters from rainfalls, streams, and lakes for the consumption of Lima. The drill and blast 3-meter wide by 4-meter high tunnels are being driven from both ends through folded and sheared volcanic tuff, andesite, agglomerate, and limestone, where groundwater inflow is high. This paper describes the design geological and groundwater inflow investigations and construction.