This paper presents three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal vector basis functions for the time-domain finite element (TDFEM) solution of vector wave equations. Both completeness and orthogonality properties of the proposed bases are analyzed. The stability of the TDFEM using these orthogonal bases is examined. The efficiency and accuracy of the TDFEM rising the orthogonal bases are demonstrated by numerical results and comparison with the TDFEM using traditional vector basis functions.
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