The PZT (53/47) ceramic was prepared by an alkoxide process and its properties were evaluated in comparison with the PZT prepared by a mixed oxide process. The alkoxide PZT was superior to the oxide PZT from the viewpoint of sintering temperature and properties, but neither sample reached a high value of the planar coupling factor. To improve such piezoelectric properties, Nb(V) addition to PZT was studied, and 1 mol.% addition to PZT was effective in improving the properties by aiding lower temperature sintering. The role of the Nb(V) additives which caused such improvements is discussed.
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