Boundary-layer receptivity is analyzed in the context of mean-flow-modification and wave-cancellation approaches to laminar-flow control.the adverse effects of receptivity for control via mean-flow modification are studied using linear amplitude methods to estimate the transition location.this includes both the receptivity and the linear growth of instabilities.For wave cancellation,the receptivity analysis provides the transfer function for a linear actuator.Distributed roughness and suction nonuniformities,suction strips,localized membrane actuators and suction/blowing actuators are considered.
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