A Model of Retrospective Reflection in Project Based Learning Utilizing Historical Data in Collaborative Tools

摘要

In project based learning, learning from experience is vital and necessitates reflection. Retrospective reflection is as a conscious, collaborative effort to systematically re-examine a process in order to learn from it. In software development student projects it has been empirically shown that project teams' retrospective reflection can help the teams collaboratively construct new knowledge about their process and that historical data in collaborative tools used in daily project work can aid the teams' recall and reflection on the different aspects of project work. In this paper, we draw on these results as well as other findings on the use of collaborative tools in a similar setting. We use the framework of distributed cognition to develop a model of retrospective reflection in which collaborative tools used as cognitive tools for daily project work are utilized as cognitive tools in retrospective reflection, aiding the creation of individual and shared representations of the project process.