International Transferring Trend of Manufacturing Industry

摘要

This paper addressed the international transferring tendency of manufacturing industry one by one asrnfollows: (1) The developed countries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwiderntransference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-investments, transnationalrnmerger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum collocation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation inrnknowledge and technology. On the other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensivernindustry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly technology industry to the developingrncountries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industryrnpresents “multi-step type”. First, the object of international transference substitutes the capital-intensive industryrnand maturing industry with complicate technique for the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higherrnpollution, or substitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components for assembly inrnmanufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms “brain—hand and foot” pattern, i.e. Therndeveloped countries are increasingly paying more and more attention to the research and control of corerntechnology, thus transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher science and technology.rnThirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capital and technology intensive production, as well asrntransfer certain procedures in higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even to transferrnparts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global manufacturing network (GMN) byrnrecombination and transfer. TNCs organize production, trade, technological research and transference throughrnforeign direct investment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longerrndepend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national comprehensive strength and comparativernsuperiority. TNCs try to race to seize the higher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the corerntechnology and higher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lowerrnmanufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer their domestic manufacturing basesrnabroad; China would become world- manufacturing center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreignrninvestor’s interest, “Made in China” will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, substituting forrn“Made in U.S.”, “Made in Japanese” and “Made in Europe”. The Chinese manufacturing industry should holdrntightly the opportunity to melt into the worldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplishrnleaping development