This contribution presents some results of a working group of the German automobile industry, and provides an overview of the current capabilities for the most important crash and occupant simulation programmes, taking into account gas dynamics. Here, the focus is on studies of the FMVSS 208 "Out of Position" load cases. For this purpose, simulations using different codes (PAMCRASH, MADYMO, LS-DYNA), which use different approaches to solve the Euler-equations (finite difference procedure, finite point-set method) are compared with test results. The studies begin with simple airbag inflation simulations, covering impact tests with hemispheres through to impact tests with dummies. The entire chain of influence is clarified, whether it be the gas generator outflow, folding and unfolding, flow in a folded or unfolded airbag or the behaviour of the dummy models. This study reviews the capabilities and limitations of the approaches and will describe individual differences between the codes. With this knowledge, the development of codes has been (and will for the future) driven to a significant degree, thus enabling the simulations shown to be made possible in the first place. With the status of the codes today, active support of airbag design with regard to OoP load cases is now possible for the first time.
展开▼
