DEVELOPMENT OF RULES AND REGULATIONS IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

摘要

Government regulation of NPP safety is carried out by Gosatomnadzor, which was established as an independent government body in 1991 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation. The main missions of Gosatomnadzor are to establish criteria, rules and regulations in the field of nuclear and radiation safety; take decisions on the issuance of permits (licences) for certain activities, and to carry out inspections. In the early stages of our country's nuclear power programme the rules and regulations ensuring NPP safety were internal to the nuclear power industry and were developed by scientific and design organizations of the industry. Each of the normative-technical documents addressed a single specific issue, e.g.: 1. Main Health Rules, OSP-72; 2. Radiation Safety Regulations, NRB-76; 3.Rules for Design and Safe Operation of Equipment and Pipelines of Nuclear Power Facilities, PUBeh; 4.Rules of Nuclear Safety, PBYa-04-74. Later on, as the nuclear industry developed, new documents were issued which presented a more comprehensive approach to the safety of NPPs (OPB-82). Work on the creation of a complete package of normative-technical documents on NPP safety started at the beginning of 1985 after Gosatomenergonadzor of USSR was set up.