POLITIQUE GENERALE D'ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE EN MATIERE D'ENERGIE NUCLEAIRE

摘要

Electricite de france's general policy for nuclear power safety. Over a little more than 20 years, Electricite de France has built up a nuclear electricity generating system comprising 54 units in operation and four under construction. The safety policy adopted by EDF is based on standardization and evolution. Far from conflicting with each other, these two principles are complementary in that the latter drives the former, which in turn provides the elements for progress. Accordingly, a standardized series is designed and operated with the benefit of experience drawn from the previous series. The principles of standardization and evolution are applied at the levels of power plant design and operation. Pressurized water plants have proved to be safe and reliable systems. Standardization makes it possible to institute a sound safety policy by concentrating available resources on more detailed studies of situations and installation behaviour. It also permits optimization of the resources needed for heavy maintenance or exceptional interventions. It further enables a coherent and homogeneous training system to be established. Finally, it provides a significant source of experience and expanded knowledge. This experience drives the evolution of ideas and practices. In the future it will be possible to have a reactor which, benefiting from the experience of both France and Germany, will have enhanced safety levels because lessons have been learned from serious accidents, and which will also be simpler and safer to operate because arrangements will have been made from the design stage onwards to facilitate maintenance. Where nuclear power plant operation and maintenance is concerned, efforts have been made since 1991 in all areas to set up progress programmes with EDF's subcontractors which demand involvement of the entire staff and aim to develop both safety policy and operating efficiency and quality. These programmes are based on the practical implementation of the anticipation of, preparation for and analysis of activity-linked risks and the evaluation and self-evaluation of operatives with a view to providing an effective and transparent experience feedback system. The results obtained do not obviate the need to maintain active vigilance and to keep going in a goal-oriented manner, for in the field of nuclear safety progress must be continuous.