Wastewater Treatment: Need Of The Hour (A Case Study Of Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant At Omkareshwar, M. P.)

摘要

The water scarcity is fast becoming a predominant phenomenon around the world. The answer obviously lies in multi pronged approach whereby available water resources need to be utilized judiciously at the same time resorting to recycling, wastewater treatment, etc. One of the major unavoidable causes is sewage in water. Sewage is the wastewater released by residences, business houses, offices and industries (excluding industrial wastewater) in a community. The colour of sewage is caused by solids which in untreated sewage ranges from 100 - 350 mg/l. A measure of the strength of the wastewater is biochemical oxygen demand or BOD_5. Untreated sewage has BOD_5 ranging from 100 - 300 mg/l. Pathogens or disease causing organisms are also present in sewage. Coliform bacteria are used as an indicator of disease causing organisms. Sewage also contains nutrients (such as ammonia and phosphorous), minerals and metals. Sewage treatment is a multi-stage process to renovate wastewater before it re-enters a body of water or is applied to land or is reused. The goal is to reduce or remove organic matter, solids, nutrients, disease causing organisms and other pollutants from wastewater. Each receiving body of water has limits to amount of pollutants it can receive without degradation. Therefore, each sewage treatment plant must be able to treat the sewage to the allowable levels of BOD_5, suspended solids, coliforms and other pollutants. In the present paper an attempt has been made to provide a case study incorporating the different stages and techniques of sewage treatment plant with respect to the Sewage Treatment Plant at Omkareshwar Project Colony, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India.