Solar cycle dependence of the diurnal anisotropy of 0.6 TeV cosmic ray intensity observed with the Matsushiro underground muon detector

摘要

We analyze the temporal variation of the solar and sidereal diurnal anisotropies of sub-TeV cosmic ray intensity observed with the Matsushiro (Japan) underground muon detector over two full solar activity cycles in 1985-2008. We find an anisotropy component in the solar diurnal anisotropy superimposed on the Compton-Getting anisotropy due to the earth’s orbital motion around the sun. The phase of this additional anisotropy is almost constant at 15:00 local solar time corresponding to the direction perpendicular to the average interplanetary magnetic field at the earth’s orbit, while the amplitude varies between a maximum (0.043±0.002 %) and minimum (0.008±0.002 %) in a clear correlation with the solar activity. The average amplitude of the sidereal diurnal variation over the entire period is 0.034±0.003 %, which is roughly one third of the amplitude reported from AS and deep-underground muon experiments monitoring multi-TeV GCR intensity, suggesting a significant attenuation of the anisotropy due to the solar modulation. We find, on the other hand, only a weak positive correlation between the sidereal diurnal anisotropy and the solar activity cycle, in which the amplitude in the “active” solar activity epoch is about twice the amplitude in the “quiet” solar activity epoch. This implies that only one fourth of the total attenuation varies in correlation with the solar activity cycle and/or the solar magnetic cycle. We finally examine the temporal variation of the “single-band valley depth” (SBVD) quoted by the Milagro experiment and, by contrast with recent Milagro’s report, we find no steady increase in the Matsushiro observations in a 7-year period between 2000 and 2007. No steady increase is observed by the Tibet air shower experiment monitoring multi-TeV GCR intensity, either. We suggest, therefore, that the steady increase of the SBVD reported by the Milagro experiment is not caused by the decreasing solar modulation in the declining phase of the 23rd solar activity cycle.