ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSES ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING IN RUSSIA

摘要

The sources and levels of radioactive contamination of theenvironment in the areas of NPPs in Russia are analyzed.normal operation the impact of NPPs on the environmentalradioactivity is insignificant, compared to the natural level.Additional doses to the population and biota in the areas aroundNPPs is lower than the natural exposure level by a factor of 10~2-10~3. The radiation risk of carcinogenesis for human populationamounts to 10~(-7)-10~（-6）.The doses to the natural biota are considerably higher than thoseto humans. This difference is most pronounced in the periodssignificant radioactive releases. Especially high exposure levelsbiota were demonstrated for the Techa River (1949-1952), Uralcontaminated area (1957-1958), and Chernobyl area (1986).dose rate level of 10(-2) Gy day~(-1) to organisms could be exceeded.Presented are generalized data on radioactive and chemicalcontamination of the environment in the area impacted by releasesfrom radiochemical plant and thermal power plant in the SouthernUrals. It has been shown that the risk imposed by releases fromthermal electric power plant can be considerably higher thanradiation risk due to releases from nuclear facilities.