WATER INTAKES – SITING AND DESIGN APPROACHES

摘要

The function of a water supply intake is to extract and deliver water to the users.rnTherefore the design of water intakes require a series of hydraulic designrnconsideration in order to arrive at a desirable concept that can obtain and deliver thernwater economically with an acceptably low impact on the environment. Due tornvariability of site conditions, the environmental hydraulic engineer is faced withrnseveral challenges when assessing water supply availability. The major factors thatrncan affect the selection of a concept and design development for a water intake are:rnwater availability, bathymetry, sediment transport, environmental regulations, climaticrnconditions, constructability, initial and maintenance dredging requirements, andrnoperation and maintenance. The paper examines these factors and discusses theirrnimportance in selecting a suitable concept.rnTo demonstrate the approach in evaluating the various variables, case studies at fourrnsites with differing conditions are presented. The rationale for selecting each conceptrnis presented along with illustrations. Site conditions considered in the cases are;rnIntake on rivers with high water level fluctuation, intakes on tidal rivers, intakes inrnmountainous streams and offshore velocity cap intakes.rnThe paper stresses the importance of appropriate hydraulic design to providernacceptable flow conditions at the pumps.