Hydrological Modeling of Integrated Watershed Management Using Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS Techniques

摘要

Hydrological models have long been used to address the complex interrelated problems pertaining to watershed management be it on smaller or larger scales. The rapid advancement in GIS and RS technology coupled with digital computers has taken our capacity to better manage natural resources even further. My current study focuses on using a physically-based fully distributed hydrologic model, the Soil Moisture Distribution and Routing (SMDR) model, to produce both spatially distributed predictions (soil moisture distributions) and integrated predictions (total runoff volume or daily hydrograph) of water balance from the watershed near Lake Tana, Ethiopia. The SMDR model is developed in the GRASS geographical information system environment. Similar to most hydrological models, the SMDR model uses both spatially distributed characteristic maps and time-dependent data series. More specifically, the SMDR model requires digital elevation model (topographic distribution), land use map (vegetative index), and soil type distribution for spatially distributed inputs, and daily weather data (rainfall, potential evapotranspiration (PET), and temperature) and soil characteristics tables for time series data