FIRE SAFETY. RISK ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

摘要

The protection of historic buildings and sites is a necessity in order to preserve therncultural heritage of nations and societies and to transmit it from one generation to the next.rnCultural heritage includes a wide variety of historic buildings used as churches, museums,rnlibraries, that contain also cultural objects like frescos, manuscripts, mosaics, books,rnpaintings, etc.rnThe vulnerability of the fabric and of its contents to fire is due to many critical factors:rnmaterials, lack of active and passive measures, lack of fire safety management awareness.rnThere are two main aspects of fire protection: life safety and property protection. These safetyrnobjectives are expressed by prescriptive national regulations and standards (developed andrnprogressed with the experience of fire accidents) especially valid for new constructions andrnbased on conditions that drastically differ from the conditions presented by historicalrnbuildings.rnAt the present time, the trend is to move from a system based on authorizations andrncertifications to a new approach starting out from an analysis of the risks, in terms ofrnprobability of occurrence (frequency) and of potential extent of the losses and damagesrn(magnitude) due to occurrence of fire. The risk evaluation considers the impact of mitigation,rnprevention and protection measures which could be adopted as an alternative, safeguardingrnhistorically, artistically and architecturally valued goods as well.rnThe research in the first phase has analyzed Italian set of laws, regulations andrnstandards and has compared a few rules available in foreign countries as far as regard escapernroutes and fire resistance on construction elements.rnThe second phase has analyzed some risk assessment methods performance based, thatrnoffer the possibility by alternative and compensate measures to reach the same safetyrnobtained with the application of rigid codes.