DFHRS (Digital FEM Height Reference Surface): A Rigorous Approach for the Integrated Adjustment and Fitting of Height Reference Surfaces

摘要

The DFHRS (Digital-Finite-Element-Height-Reference-Surface) research and development project, German word DFHBF, aims at the computation of height reference surfaces (HRS) [1]. A HRS is represented by the height N of the HRS above the reference ellipsoid (fig. 1). The main practical target of the DFHRS project is to enable for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO (2008) and other future ones, in a GNSS-based positioning in reference station networks the direct conversion of the ellipsoidal GNSS height h determined at the earth surface (ES), into the physical earth gravity field based standard "sea-level" height H - h-N (fig. 1).