Management of drylands in Kyrgyzstan

摘要

The area of drylands makes 40 percent of all arable land in Kyrgyzstan.Thirty percent of cereal crops and 20％of perennial grasses are grown in these areas.The legumes-fallow crop rotation,where the fallow has to make 20％,is base of drylands development.The fallowing permits water conservation,permits nitrogen accumulation in the soil and reduces the problem of weeding.The yield of winter wheat in pure fallow fields increases to 0.5-1.0 ton per hectare.Investigations are being made currently on crop rotation,where legumes crops such as soybean,grasspea,vetches,peas and chickpeas are alternate to perennial crops(alfalfa)and some legumes could replace the fallow phase of the cereal-fallow rotation.Results have shown that when soil moisture is sufficient through precipitations in the dry lands it is possible to replace fallow by a legume crop.Breeding for drought tolerant varieties of winter wheat done in the Republic has resulted in the development of winter wheat Erythrospermum 760',‘Adyr’ and ‘Kairak’.They are early-maturing and able to form the spike before strong heat.The drought tolerant varieties of spring barley bred are ‘Naryn 27’,‘Taalay’,‘Bestam’ and ‘Kylym’.The potential productivity of these varieties on drylands reaches 4.0-4.5 ton per hectare.