The need of wireless sensor networks for monitoring and control has increased tremendously in these years with new applications in the areas of environmental and medical monitoring, detection of natural calamities, industrial control etc. The finite and irreplaceable energy supply of sensor nodes, however, has been the main constraints. In this paper, an improved LEACH algorithm based on heterogeneous energy of nodes for same initial energy and multiple hop data transmission among cluster heads is proposed. It establishes a new threshold, which introduces current energy and average energy of the node to cluster head election probability so as to ensure these nodes with higher residual energy have greater probability to become cluster heads than that with the low residual energy. Simulation results show that this algorithm extends the network lifetime, while guarantees a well-distributed energy consumption.
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