The Future European Electricity Market and System According to Network Plans and Network Codes Which Form the Framework for Smart Grids

摘要

1. Continuing increases in RES, energy policy and cost reduction-drivenrn– Wind, solar can exceed base loads soon Europe-wide and challengernsystem controllability; today already in some regionsrn– These developments increase the need and business case for smart grids,rnand for demand response bidding into Europe-wide marketsrn2. These markets being defined now through binding network codesrn– The Capacity Allocation and Congestion Mgt NC defines Europeanrnintegrated day-ahead, intraday markets; later Forwards, Balancing NCsrn– Demand response fits into these markets; better than into national onesrn– The Demand Connection Code defines physical connection capabilitiesrn– E.g. temperature-sensitive devices.