A performance evaluation approach of commercial numerical distance relays on little longer than half-wavelength transmission lines

摘要

This work presents a performance evaluation approach of commercial numerical distance relays on little longer than half-wavelength transmission lines. Sliding fault simulations have been carried out in Alternative Transient Program using Bergeron and JMarti line models considering ideal and real transposition for different fault inception angles. The simulated voltage and current signals were applied through a programmable test set to a commercial relay. The results showed a good agreement between the apparent impedances and the positive-sequence impedances to the faults in cases of faults applied up to approximately 514 km from the sending end of the transmission line.