Investigating the Impacts of Bromide on Metal Release from Drinking Water Distribution Systems

摘要

1.Oxidation of lead by chlorine is catalyzed by the presenceof bromide. Increasing bromide to chloride ratio increasesthe rate of chlorine consumption and consequently, leadoxidation. Bromide acts as an electron shuttle betweenresidual disinfectant(chlorine) and the lead surface.2.Oxidation of lead scales was pH dependent. Increasing pHdecreased the oxidation rate and increased lag phase inthe presence of bromide.3.The oxidation of lead pipe scales followed two phasekinetics. Both the lag phase and oxidation phase areimpacted by bromide concentration.