FRAMEWORK AND EXAMPLES FOR THE LIFE CYCLE BASED ASSESSMENT OF BIOREFINERIES IN IEA BIOENERGY TASK 42 “BIOREFINING”

摘要

The IEA Bioenergy Task 42 “Biorefining” with its 11 member countries (A, AUS, CA, DK, G, I, IR, J,rnNL, NZ, USA) has the following definition on biorefining: “Biorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass intorna spectrum of bio-based products (food, feed, chemicals, and materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat)”.rnBased on the activities in the 11 member countries of Task 42 the assessment framework is developed based on a liferncycle basis to cover all relevant issues from the production, operation and end of life phase of the whole value chainrnof various biorefineries. The framework follows the following hierarchy procedure: 1) biorefinery classification andrnassessment of the technologies and processes using the 9 levels of the “Technology Readiness Level (TRL)”. 2)rnCalculation of most relevant economic data using the approach of Life Cycle Costing (LCC). 3) Application of LifernCycle Assessment (LCA) to assess the most relevant environmental aspects. 4) Screening of relevant social issues inrna Social Life Cycle Assessment (sLCA). 5) Integration of these aspects in the approach of Life Cycle SustainabilityrnAssessment (LCSA) 6) Identification of most attractive industry sectors (“Hot Spots”) for the integration ofrnbiorefineries in the existing industrial infrastructure 7) Highlighting necessary R&D demand for commercializationrnuntil 2025, 8) Concluding on the possible future role in a BioEconomy in a regional, national and internationalrncontext. A compact format is developed to present the results of the assessing framework. The framework is appliedrnto different biorefinery concepts. The results assist various stakeholders in finding their position on biorefining in arnfuture biobased economy while minimizing unexpected technical, economic and financial risks by significantlyrncontributing to the development of a BioEconomy.