At the Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, patient treatment is monitored offline by comparing the irradiation-induced β+-activity, measured by a commercial full-ring PET/CT scanner installed next to the treatment site, with a corresponding Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation on the basis of the planned treatment. While the usefulness of 3D offline PET-based treatment verification has already been shown, the feasibility of 4D offline PET-based treatment monitoring, accounting for the tumour motion during the irradiation and the subsequent PET acquisition, still needs to be demonstrated.
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