Difficult variable ground, high face pressure and large diameters have becomerncommon challenges for many tunneling projects. As a result TBMs require, as anrnessential feature, personnel access to the excavation chamber for inspection and maintenance.rnWhereas previously, technical specifications for seal systems or structures setrnthe limitations, the necessity for options for chamber interventions are now becomingrnone of the key determining factors on today’s modern TBMs. This paper will highlightrnthe different state of the art arrangements for chamber interventions as well as the latestrndevelopments and related efforts to reduce intervention frequencies and durations.
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