An Ergonomics Approach in Design and Development of a Mobile Internet Device for the Malaysian Elderly

摘要

This paper reported a study on the design and development of Jen-ii, a mobile Internet device, specially targeted for the senior citizen aged 40 years and above representing the three main ethnic groups in Malaysia, namely Malay, Chinese and Indians. The device is aimed at bridging the digital divide problem in Malaysia. The study described how we addressed the needs and constraints of the elderly users by introducing a low cost device that is safe, easy and satisfying to use in relation to a well defined GUI (Graphical User Interface) and quality content. The problem of digital divide in Malaysia is a major concern due to low Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) penetration especially in the rural and remote areas of East Malaysia and Peninsular Malaysia. The divide is also attributed to factors such as poor education, low-income occupations, and proportions of young and old. The urban areas contribute to more than 65% of computer density in Malaysia, while the pc penetration per household is still very low at 5% (Noor & Kassim, 2007). This comprises of mainly the digital aliens of the IT illiterate household, mainly the elderly and housewives. Based on conducted rural studies, to penetrate this market segment the product has to be low cost, easy to use, with high value content. The JEN-ii is an ICT functional literacy tool offering Internet connectivity and access to grid-based content. Using pervasive tools like TV as a monitor for content viewing, it was introduced to the rural elderly as a simple device that offers Internet connectivity, providing affordable computing that is cheap, and easy to operate. Usability testing was conducted on prototype to evaluate the product on this specific group. As an ultra-mobile device for the elderly, its design conforms to the elderly ergonomic needs. Instead of a large hard disk capacity, the built-in flash memory helps to achieve the desired form factor and lightness suitable for the old to carry. The use of touch screen LCD with stylus, hotkeys, and virtual keyboard are the attractive features for ease of use and navigation. Simplicity is key to the overall concept design of the device. From the form factor to the GUI design it has to be easily understood by them. Consideration on the human sensory capabilities of the old took high priority on designing the GUI and the icons. Selection of icons and widget has to be easily understood, reflecting the varied cultural backgrounds of its users. The device incorporates mainly 4 content categories - Communication, Information, Community and Learning. Its concept of “3 clicks away” makes it easy to use to access these information. Users are able to create online communities; able to compare grocery prices, attend religious classes online, exchange e-mail and indulge in online businesses that helps them to generate income. Jen-ii is able to address the digital divide issue through an economical and practical mobile device affordable by all. Even though Jen-ii was meant for the rural elderly, it is also practical for all the senior urbanites of Malaysia. The device may be used in other sectors like Agriculture, Aquaculture, security, courier services and transportation.